Activity-Based Management (ABM) is a method of identifying and evaluating activities that a business performs, using activity-based costing to carry out a value chain analysis or a re-engineering initiative to improve strategic and operational decisions in an organization.

See also: ABM

ACTS is the first high-speed, all-digital communications satellite. It is the first to have sophisticated telephone-system-type switching onboard. It can carry data at standard fiber-optic data rates with the same transmission quality, added performance, and cost savings that a land-based network provides.

See also: ACTS

Active Directory

See also: AD

Are a set of standards for digital television transmission over terrestrial, cable, and satellite networks.

See also: ATSC

Advanced Inflight Alliance was acquired by Global Eagle in 2014. The company provided in-flight entertainment content. The Company provides video programming, content management services, as well as manages the airline's in-flight entertainment websites.

See also: AIA

A portable on-demand wireless in-flight entertainment (IFE) system, Airconnect Go, by combining its content and Airtime Portal software with hardware from Astronics. will provide a “superior experience” for the solution’s target market, which includes smaller regional airlines, low-cost carriers and charter companies using leased aircraft.

See also: Airconnect Go

The Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX) is the only non-profit membership trade organization comprised of the world's leading airlines, industry suppliers, major media groups and related aviation industry leaders dedicated to elevating the passenger experience for more than 80% of global passengers while driving industry initiatives and desired regulations.

See also: APEX

A Global Eagle product. AIRPRO is a fully automated in-flight operations workflow management solution that enables airlines and their flight crews to digitize their entire workflow.

See also: AIRPRO

Global Eagle's has a long-standing expertise in maximizing an airline's IFE system through engaging in-flight catalogs that include browsing, meal selection, and buy-on-board features.

See also: AIRshop

AIRtime is a market-leading portal and mobile solution that offers flexible wireless IFE based on Global Eagle's Ku-band satellite connectivity. AIRtime provides popular features such as live television, messaging and content streaming to personal electronic devices. AIRtime also enables incremental revenue to airlines through the portal's powerful advertising and sponsorship capabilities.

See also: AIRtime

A data management and reporting tool. Global Eagle's AIRview is a robust data management and web-based reporting tool, currently integrated into key products, including AIRtime. AIRview allows comprehensive monitoring of operations data, including connectivity system health, aircraft position and avionics data, service take rates, ad campaign performance and order/inventory levels - all within an intuitive interface for airline executives.

See also: AIRview

The automatic identification system (AIS) is an automatic tracking system used on ships and by vessel traffic services (VTS). When satellites are used to detect AIS signatures, the term Satellite-AIS (S-AIS) is used. AIS information supplements marine radar, which continues to be the primary method of collision avoidance for water transport.

See also: AIS

Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) is the worst tolerable process average (mean) in percentage or ratio that is still considered acceptable; that is, it is at an acceptable quality level.

See also: AQL

American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

See also: ASCII

Advanced Ship Notice (ASN) is a notification of pending deliveries, similar to a packing list. It is usually sent in an electronic format and is a common EDI document.

See also ASN

Advanced Threat Protection

Global Eagle has been selected by Avianca Holdings to provide the in-flight entertainment service onboard its subsidiary airlines.

See also: Avianca

Business to Business

Business Continuity Management

Is data sets that are so voluminous and complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them. Big data challenges include capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer, visualization, querying, and updating and information privacy. There are three dimensions to big data known as Volume, Variety, and Velocity.

See also: Big Data

Bill of Materials: A bill of materials or product structure (sometimes bill of material, BOM or associated list) is a list of the raw materials, sub-assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts, and the quantities of each needed to manufacture an end product.

See also: BOM

Board Serial Number

Compound Annual Growth Rate is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.

This term means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment. Seller must pay the costs & freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, BUT the risk of loss or damage, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery are transferred from seller to buyer. Seller must clear goods for export. This term can only be used for ocean transport.

The Chief Information Officer (CIO) oversees the people, processes and technologies within a company’s IT organization to ensure they deliver outcomes that support the goals of the business.

As digital becomes a core competency, the CIO plays a key leadership role in the critical strategic, technical and management initiatives — from information security and algorithms to customer experience and leveraging data — that mitigate threats and drive business growth.
 

This term is the same as CPT with the exception that the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. This term may be used for any mode of transportation.

This term means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. The buyer bears all costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. The seller must clear the goods for export. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport (including multimodal).

Reading is a favorite in-flight pastime at any age, so Global Eagle has partnered with Cupcake Digital to help redefine in-flight entertainment with these memorable children stories.

See also: Cupcake Digital

This term means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport not unloaded, cleared for export but not cleared for import, at the named point & place at the frontier - but before the customs border of the adjoining country. To be used when delivering to a land frontier.

Designated Airworthiness Representative is a private person designated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration to act on its behalf in the certification of type certificated and amateur-built aircraft for the issuance of airworthiness certificates, special flight permits, import aircraft, export certificates for products and articles, conformity inspections and field approvals for repair and alterations.

See also: DAR

Seller pays for carriage to the terminal, except for costs related to import clearance, and assumes all risks up to the point that the goods are unloaded at the terminal.

Digital Content Supply Chain. The digital supply chain is a new media term which encompasses the process of the delivery of digital media, be it music or video, by electronic means, from the point of origin (content provider) to destination (consumer). In much the same manner a physical medium must go through a “supply chain” process in order to mature into a consumable product, digital media must pass through various stages in processing to get to a point in which the consumer can enjoy the music or video on a computer or television set.

See also: DCSC

This term means the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, not cleared for import, and not unloaded from arriving means of transport at the named place of destination. The seller bears all costs & risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place other than "duty" (which includes the responsibility for customs formalities & payment of those formalities, duties & taxes) for import into the country of destination. Buyer is responsible for payment of all customs & duties & taxes.

This terms is the same as DES with the exception that the seller is responsible to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer, not cleared for import, on the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination. Seller bears all costs & risks as in DES plus discharging the goods on the quay. This term can only be used in ocean transport.

A distributed file system (DFS) is a file system with data stored on a server. The data is accessed and processed as if it was stored on the local client machine. The DFS makes it convenient to share information and files among users on a network in a controlled and authorized way. The server allows the client users to share files and store data just like they are storing the information locally. However, the servers have full control over the data and give access control to the clients.

See also: DFS

Designated Manufacturing Inspection Representatives is an individual appointed in accordance with 14 CFR §183.31. A DMIR conducts conformity inspections during the manufacturing process. DMIRs also issue certificates such as airworthiness certificates for aircraft, export certificates for aircraft and parts, and special flight permits

See also: DMIR

A domain controller (DC) is a server that responds to security authentication requests within a Windows Server domain. It is a server on a Microsoft Windows or Windows NT network that is responsible for allowing host access to Windows domain resources.

See also: DC

Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) is a method used in business administration for planning orders within a supply chain. DRP enables the user to set certain inventory control parameters (like a safety stock) and calculate the time-phased inventory requirements.

See also: DRP

European Avionics Safety Agency is an agency of the European Union with responsibility for civil aviation safety. It carries out certification, regulation, and standardization, and also performs investigation and monitoring.

See also: EASA

Engineering Change Management: The change management process in systems engineering is the process of requesting, determining attainability, planning, implementing, and evaluating of changes to a system. Its primary goals are to support the processing and traceability of changes to an interconnected set of factors.

See also: ECM

Engineering Change Order (ECO) are used for changes in components, assemblies, or documents such as processes and work instructions. They may also be used for changes in specifications. Lastly, it can be "a modification that will have an effect on a manufactured product or manufacturing process.

See also: ECO

Electronic Data Processing (EDP) can refer to the use of automated methods to process commercial data. Typically, this uses relatively simple, repetitive activities to process large volumes of similar information.

See also: EDP

Entertainment In Motion (EIM) is part of the Global Eagle group, founded in 1988 and is the largest independent distributor of feature films and television content to the global airline and cruise ship markets as well as the US Military.

See also: EIM

An electronic flight bag (EFB) is an electronic information management device that helps flight crews perform flight management tasks more easily and efficiently with less paper. It is a general purpose computing platform intended to reduce, or replace, paper-based reference material often found in the pilot's carry-on flight bag, including the aircraft operating manual, flight-crew operating manual, and navigational charts (including moving map for air and ground operations).

See also: EFB

Part of the Global Eagle group, Emphasis enjoys an excellent reputation as one of the world's leading distributors of Asian language content to the airline market, representing the finest Chinese, Japanese and Korean movies as well as television programming. With decades of experience, a Hong Kong location and key relationships with producers in the region, Emphasis is an extremely well positioned gateway to premium content and services.

See also: Emphasis Video

Entice is Global Eagle’s next generation wireless IFE system for passengers devices. Passengers connect to Entice via their personal device. Entice allows users to create an account that enables continuity of viewing and ensures Entice can suggest content based on the passengers’ preferences and viewing history. See also: Entice

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is the integrated management of core business processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and technology.

See also: ERP

European Union Military Staff is the directorate-general of the European Union's (EU) External Action Service (EEAS) that contributes to the EU's Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) by providing strategic advice to the High Representative (HR/VP) and commanding non-combat operations through its Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) operational headquarters.

See also: EUMS

In computing, Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The W3C's XML 1.0 Specification and several other related specifications—all of them free open standards—define XML

See also: XML

Is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause a total breakdown.

See also: Fault Tolerant

Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the media, public safety and homeland security, and modernizing itself.

See also: FCC

FlightPath3D Moving Map & City Destination Guide. Global Eagle has selected the FlightPath3D Moving Map & City Destination Guide service from Betria Interactive to deliver a next-generation moving map and geotainment service on its wireless in-flight solutions.

See also: FlightPath3D

Fixed Order Quantity is the inventory control system, wherein the maximum and minimum inventory levels are fixed and maximum and fixed amount of inventory can be replenished at a time when the inventory level reaches the auto set reorder point or the minimum stock level.

See also: FOQ

The GEE-Zinio alliance makes carry-on reading materials a thing of the past, with easy access to digital reading content. Zinio's in-flight entertainment licensing agreement adds the world's largest digital newsstand to the Global Eagle content library and puts the most popular magazine titles, such as Cosmopolitan, Forbes, Esquire, Condé Nast Traveler and National Geographic at the fingertips of millions of airline passengers.

See also: GEE-Zinio

Graphical Processing Unit. (GPU) is a computer chip that performs rapid mathematical calculations, primarily for the purpose of rendering images.

See also: GPU

Human Resource Management System is a form of HR software that combines a number of systems and processes to ensure the easy management of human resources, business processes, and data.

See also: HRMS

Global Eagle announced it is entering into an agreement with multi-screen platform developer i4Vu, Inc. to explore opportunities to bring a multi-screen content experience to travelers carrying devices.

See also: i4Vu

Installed Base: Oracle Install Base is an item instance lifecycle tracking application that facilitates enterprise-wide life cycle item management and tracking capability.

See also: IB

In-flight Entertainment and Connectivity Portal

See also: IFExpress

International Flight Services Association.

See also: IFSA

International Maritime Satellite Organization is a provider of mobile satellite communications.

See also: Inmarsat

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

See also: ISO

IQNet is an international network of partner certification bodies. Since being estabilished in 1990, IQNet has remained the world's largest network of leading certification bodies; with numerous partners spanning hundreds of offices and subsidiaries throughout the globe.

See also: IQNet

Just-in-Time: Companies employ this inventory strategy to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they are needed in the production process, thereby reducing inventory costs. This method requires that producers are able to accurately forecast demand.

See also: JIT

(JavaScript Object Notation) Is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language.

See also: JSON

The Ka-band (pronounced as either "kay-ay band" or "ka band") is a portion of the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum defined as frequencies in the range 26.5–40 gigahertz (GHz)

See also: Ka-band

Global Eagle is the technology partner for KID-Systeme's SKYfi Club platform, which has been selected by Saudia to provide premium content streaming as linefit across its fleet of 20 A330 and 30 A320 aircraft.

See also: SKYfi

The Ku band is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 12 to 18 gigahertz (GHz).

See also: Ku band

A Global Eagle content agreement with leading travel publisher Lonely Planet to add dozens of insightful destination travel guides and travel tip booklets to GEE's in-flight entertainment (IFE) platform serving airlines across the globe.

See also: Lonely Planet

Lot Serial Number: A serial number is a unique number assigned to identify a specific item. A lot number is an identification number assigned to products indicating the batch or lot in which the product was manufactured or processed.

See also: LSN

Last Unit Start Date is the date and time you plan to begin production of the last assembly on a repetitive schedule. ... This date equals the FUSD plus the lead time. The LUCD (last unit completion date) is the date and time you plan to complete production of the last assembly on a repetitive schedule.

See also: LUSD

Global Eagle’s MASFLIGHT platform enables aviation big data solutions with insightful business intelligence that drives results. The MASFLIGHT platform offers a single source for operations data in real-time for day-of decision-making and historic data for predictive analytics.

See also: masFlight

Master Demand Schedule is a statement of demand and contains details of the anticipated shipment schedule.

See also: MDS

Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO), is the region of space around Earth above low Earth orbit (altitude of 2,000 km (1,243 mi) above sea level) and below geostationary orbit (altitude of 35,786 km (22,236 mi) above sea level).

See also: MEO

Maritime mobile-satellite service (MMSS is a mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on board ships; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service.

See also: MMSS

Memo of Understanding (MOU) is a nonbinding agreement between two or more parties outlining the terms and details of an understanding, including each parties' requirements and responsibilities. An MOU is often the first stage in the formation of a formal contract.

See also: MOU

Advanced Video Coding (MPEG-4 AVC) is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based video compression standard. As of 2014, it is one of the most commonly used formats for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content.

See also: MPEG-4 Part 10

Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul: MRO is any action that helps keep or restore an item to its working condition. A wide variety of nondestructive testing (NDT), remote visual inspection (RVI), and visual inspection techniques can be used. Planned, Predictive, Preventative, Non-routine, and Shutdown maintenance are the primary forms of an overhaul.

See also: MRO

Maritime Telecommunications Network (MTN), a Global Eagle brand, is the premier global provider of communications, connectivity, and content services for superyachts around the world.

See also: MTN See also: About us

When an Artificial Intelligenge is trained to interpret human communication, it’s called natural language processing. This is useful for chatbots and translation services, but it’s also represented at the cutting edge by AI assistants like Alexa and Siri.

See also: NLP

National Cyber Security & Communications Integration Center: The NCCIC serves as a central location where a diverse set of partners involved in cybersecurity and communications protection coordinate and synchronizes their efforts. NCCIC's partners include other government agencies, the private sector, and international entities. Working closely with its partners, NCCIC analyzes cybersecurity and communications information, shares timely and actionable information, and coordinates response, mitigation, and recovery efforts.

See also: NCCIC

NFV essentially removes network functions from boxes located everywhere, and replaces them with pieces of software that operate where and as needed within the cloud network. Where networking devices were once purchased with particular features and capabilities, now these capabilities are essentially invoked by software, and modified as needed using standard off the shelf hardware, changing the functionality of the device based on the networking tasks required, i.e. mesh or star, shared or dedicated, router or firewall, etc.

See also: NFV

No Fault Found (NFF), No Trouble Found (NTF) or No Defect Found (NDF) are terms used in the field of maintenance, where a unit is removed from service following a complaint of a perceived fault by operators or an alarm from its BIT (built-in test) equipment. The unit is then checked, but no anomaly is detected by the maintainer. Consequently, the unit is returned to service with no repair performed.

See also: NFF

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the ability of a computer program to understand human language as it is spoken. NLP is a component of artificial intelligence (AI).

See also: NLP

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is the standard used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the purpose of collecting, analyzing, and publishing statistical data related to the U.S. business economy.

See also: NAICS

Is the technology behind many Business Intelligence (BI) applications. OLAP is a powerful technology for data discovery, including capabilities for limitless report viewing, complex analytical calculations, and predictive “what if” scenario (budget, forecast) planning.

See also: OLAP

Profit and Loss Statement

Plan-Do-Check-Act is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continual improvement of processes and products.

See also: PDCA

Parts Manufacturing Approval is an approval granted by the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to a manufacturer of aircraft parts.

See also: PMA

A Global Eagle acquisition expands and strengthens Global Eagle's relationships with airlines around the world and provides entry into the cruise line industry and other non-theatrical markets. PMG is a leading provider of video production, post-production, and digital content delivery services spanning TV shows, feature films, commercials, home video and live news broadcasts, as well as multi-language media for use in in-flight entertainment systems.

See also: PMG

PRIVA will replace the former MTN brand, which pioneered the first connections from ships and yachts via satellite to the global internet infrastructure. MTN began in 1980 and installed the first satellite links on board a yacht in 2003. It was acquired by EMC in 2015, and EMC was acquired by Global Eagle in 2016.

See also: PRIVA

Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords), and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than might be used in languages such as C++ or Java. It provides constructs that enable clear programming on both small and large scales.

See also: Python

Quality Management System (QMS) is a formalized system that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives

See also: QMS

Quality of Experience (QoE, less frequently QoX or QX) is a measure of the delight or annoyance of a customer's experiences with a service (e.g., web browsing, phone call, TV broadcast). QoE focuses on the entire service experience; it is a holistic concept, similar to the field of User Experience, but with its roots in telecommunication.

See also: QoE

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose, while the other computer must run RDP server software.

See also: RDP

Request for Proposal (RFP) is a document that solicits proposal, often made through a bidding process, by an agency or company interested in procurement of a commodity, service, or valuable asset, to potential suppliers to submit business proposals.

See also: RFP

Global Eagle acquired certain assets from RMG bolstering GEE's already strong presence for in-flight advertising and sponsorship. By acquiring the rights to certain technologies and onboarding key personnel, GEE now offers airlines and advertisers a more robust foundation from which to serve advertising and sponsorship opportunities via digital media, in either a connected or offline environment, seatback screen entertainment and digital signage in airline lounges.

See also: RMG

Repair Station Quality Manual

See also: RSQM

A storage area network (SAN) is a network which provides access to consolidated, block level data storage. SANs are primarily used to enhance storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical jukeboxes, accessible to servers so that the devices appear to the operating system as locally attached devices.

See also: SAN

The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 is a United States federal law that set new or expanded requirements for all U.S. public company boards, management, and public accounting firms.

See also: SOX

The S-band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum covering frequencies from 2 to 4 gigahertz (GHz)

See also: S-band

SG&A (alternately SGA, SAG or SGNA) is an acronym used in accounting to refer to Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, which is a major non-production cost presented in an income statement (statement of profit or loss).

SITAONAIR provides in-flight connectivity, applications, and services which give airlines a comprehensive set of benefits, such as optimized maintenance procedures and flight dispatching with real-time tracking and weather data services, streamlined cabin and cockpit operations and a personalized passenger experience, while providing Wi-Fi, mobile connectivity, and in-flight entertainment.

See also: SITAONAIR

Senior Leadership Team

Is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider. The verb "to stream" refers to the process of delivering or obtaining media in this manner; the term relates to the delivery method of the medium, rather than the medium itself, and is an alternative to file downloading, a process in which the end-user obtains the entire file for the content before watching or listening to it. A client end-user can use their media player to begin to play the data file (such as a digital file of a movie or song) before the entire file has been transmitted.

See also: Streaming Media

A supplemental type certificate (STC) is a national aviation authority-approved major modification or repair to an existing type certified aircraft, engine or propeller. As it adds to the existing type certificate, it is deemed "supplemental."

See also: STC

Low Cost, Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) refer to arguably the most important specification in new product, project, or platform definition. Nearly all new developments, whether shipboard, airborne, terrestrial, man carried, or hand carried, share a common requirement: make it smaller, make it use less of the available resources, and make it contribute more to the overall system functionality.

See also: SWaP

Time and Materials is a standard phrase in a contract for construction, product development or any other piece of work in which the employer agrees to pay the contractor based upon the time spent by the contractor's employees and subcontractors employees to perform the work, and for materials used in the construction (plus the contractor's mark up on the materials used), no matter how much work is required to complete construction.

See also: T & M

Telesat is a leading global satellite operator, providing satellite-delivered communications solutions worldwide to broadcast, telecom, corporate and government customers. Headquartered in Ottawa, Canada, with offices and facilities around the world, the company’s state-of-the-art fleet consists of 17 GEO satellites, the Canadian payload on ViaSat-1 and one Phase 1 LEO satellite which is the start of Telesat’s planned global LEO satellite constellation that will offer low latency, high throughput broadband services. 

See also: Telesat

Global Eagle Entertainment Inc. and Time Inc. have signed a worldwide agreement that will allow Global Eagle to distribute Time Inc.-produced programming to the airline, cruise, and maritime audiences under the newly created “TIME Flies” brand.

See also: TIME Flies

Training Program Manual is a book or booklet of instructions, designed to improve the quality of a performed task. Training manuals are widely used, including in business and the military. A training manual may be particularly useful as an introduction to subject matter prior to training.

See also: TPM

Transport Layer Security (TLS) – and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which is now deprecated – are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network.

See also: TLS

Technical Reference Manual / Material is a user guide or user's guide, also commonly known as a manual, is a technical communication document intended to give assistance to people using a particular system.

See also: TRM

Telecommunications Service Ordering (TSO) solution enables you (or customers themselves, in self-service online mode) to create new or update existing configurations of telecommunication equipment and services by moving, adding, changing, or disconnecting a customer's services and equipment.

See also: TSO

uGovernIT is Global Eagle’s information technology ERP system.

See also: Login See also: UGIT

Global Eagle and UIEvolution, Inc., a global leader in highly scalable connected device software solutions for the Cruise, Hospitality and Automotive industries, announced a strategic partnership to offer the first fully integrated end-to-end solution for onboard passenger experiences to the maritime market.

See also UIEvolution, Inc

Unit of Purchase: A unit of measure is assigned to all inventory items and must be defined before a product can be entered. Each product will have a stocking unit of measure, sales ordering unit of measure and a purchasing unit of measure.

See also: UOP

Universal Product Code is a barcode symbology that is used for tracking trade items in stores.

See also: UPC

Viasat Inc. is a communications company based in Carlsbad, California, with additional operations across the United States and worldwide. Viasat is a provider of high-speed satellite broadband services and secure networking systems covering military and commercial markets.

See also: Viasat

Virtual Network Operator or Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) is a provider of management services and a reseller of network services from other telecommunications suppliers that does not own the telecommunication infrastructure. These network providers are categorized as virtual because they provide network services to customers without owning the underlying network. A VNO typically leases bandwidth at the wholesale rates from various telecom providers in order to provide solutions to their customers.

See also: VNO

Work Order is usually a task or a job for a customer, which can be scheduled or assigned to someone. Such an order may be from a customer request or created internally within the organization. Work Orders may also be created as follow-ups to Inspections or Audits. A work order may be for products or services.

See also: W/O

Wireless and content solutions for system integrators & MROs. Included in the AIRworks family, WISE is Global Eagle’s award-winning end-to-end software and content solution for system integrators and operators of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services. WISE is integrated into wireless in-flight entertainment products developed by GEE's third-party strategic partners, providing the wireless IFE backbone to their solutions.

See also: WISE

World Teleport Association (WTA) has been the only trade association that focuses on the business of satellite communications from the ground up. At the core of its membership are the world's most innovative operators of teleports, from independents to multinationals, niche service providers to global hybrid carriers. See also: WTA

Global Eagle has a long-standing expertise in maximizing an airline's IFE system through engaging in-flight catalogs that include browsing, meal selection, and buy-on-board features.

See also: AIRmeal

Business Knowledge for the Global Media, Entertainment & Technology Community.

See also: IBC

A Global Eagle partner. Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics is the world's leading producer of engineered, high-performance polymer products, making a positive difference in virtually every major industry across the globe— from the bearings and seals found on Formula 1 race cars to radomes that protect radar devices on commercial and military aircraft.

See also: Saint-Gobain

Global Eagle has what is inarguably the world’s coolest and most beautiful WiFi testbed aircraft, in the form of “Albatross One” — a 1951 Grumman Albatross seaplane. Albatross One has proven invaluable in testing new and improved in-flight technologies before we bring them to market. A unique benefit of using the Grumman Albatross is that it exhibits intense vibrations that normal aircraft do not experience, thereby simulating a “worst case” scenario that ensures that we can provide our airline partners with a highly dependable system. We have also found that a constant program of test flying is vital in helping us maintain a stellar in-flight entertainment service for our customers. 

See also: Albatross One

An aircraft's tail group, includes rudder and fin, and stabilizer and elevator.

An aircraft's main body structure housing the flight crew, passengers, and cargo and to which the wings, tail and, in most single-engined airplanes, engine are attached.

The common network of US airspace; air navigation facilities, equipment and services, airports or landing areas; aeronautical charts, information and services; rules, regulations and procedures, technical information, and human resources and material. Included are system components shared jointly with the military.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the trade association for the world’s airlines, representing some 290 airlines or 82% of total air traffic. We support many areas of aviation activity and help formulate industry policy on critical aviation issues.

See also: IATA

See Airlines for America

The compilation of regulations of all U.S. government departments and agencies that are currently in effect. The FAA Federal Air Regulations are part of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Avionics are the computers and other electronic systems that monitor and control an aircraft's electrical and mechanical systems.

Aircraft Communication and Addressing Reporting System. 

In aviation, ACARS an acronym for aircraft communications addressing and reporting system) is a digital datalink system for transmission of short messages between aircraft and ground stations via airband radio or satellite. The protocol was designed by ARINC and deployed in 1978, using the Telex format. More ACARS radio stations were added subsequently by SITA.

See also: ACARS

Designated Engineering Representatives. Engineering and Flight Test designees are responsible for finding that engineering data complies with the appropriate airworthiness standards. These designees are called Designated Engineering Representatives, or DERs.

See also: DER

Quality and compliance monitoring

Statement of Work - The statement of work includes an objectives section allowing the customer to emphasize the desired end state or performance metric to be achieved. It also mandates the assessment of past performance, technical approach and cost for each task order. The customer determines the relative importance of each criterion.

A Technical Standard Order (TSO) is a minimum performance standard issued by the United States Federal Aviation Administration for specified materials, parts, processes, and appliances used on civil aircraft. Articles with TSO design approval are eligible for use on the United States type certified products by following a much lighter process than similar non-TSO approved part, provided the TSO standard meets the aircraft requirements[1]. The TSO authorization (also called TSOA) or a letter of TSO Design Approval does not necessarily convey approval for installation. See 14 CFR Part 21 Subpart O

 

See also: TSO

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic layers is situated between two electrodes; typically, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as television screens, computer monitors, portable systems such as smartphones, handheld game consoles and PDAs. A major area of research is the development of white OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications.

 

See also: OLED

Air-to-ground communication is the means by which people on the ground and those in airborne vehicles communicate with each other. 

 

See also: ATG

American Aviation Institute (AAI). The American Aviation Institute is an independent think tank for commercial aviation based in Washington, D.C. AAI draws on business, academic, regulatory and consumer perspectives to analyze airline, airport and government practices and policies, and makes specific, quantitative recommendations for the industry's improvement.

See also: AAI

Seatrade Cruise Global

See also: Seatrade Cruise Global

World Teleport Association (WTA). Since 1985, the World Teleport Association (WTA) has been the only trade association that focuses on the business of satellite communications from the ground up. At the core of its membership are the world's most innovative operators of teleports, from independents to multinationals, niche service providers to global hybrid carriers. 

See also: WTA

Broadband Satellite Systems provider.

See also: Hughes 

STX Entertainment is an American entertainment and media company that creates, produces, distributes, finances and markets film, television and digital media. STX Entertainment has partnered with Global Eagle whereby motion pictures and television programming produced and acquired by STX will be presented inflight on airlines around the world. 

See also: STX

 

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) is a statistical, non-static advantage that enables dynamic changes in user throughput. Benefits and value vary over time and are not guaranteed, but are predictable. ACM technology converts link margin to an increase in the data throughput of satellite links.

See also: ACM

China Satellite Communications Co., Ltd. known as China Satcom is a Chinese aerospace company that provides satellite communications and broadcasting services. Signs Memo of Understanding With Global Eagle to Support In-Flight Connectivity Services in the People's Republic of China

See also: China Satcom

Intelsat operates the world’s first Globalized Network, delivering high-quality, cost-effective video and broadband services anywhere in the world.

See also: Intelsat 

 

Amos-Spacecom is a fixed-satellite operator and satellite service provider, offering tailored end-to-end communication solutions to the Media and Broadband industries. Operating the advanced AMOS satellite fleet, Spacecom provides innovative broadcast and broadband satellite services with Pan-European, Pan-African, Middle Eastern, Russian and Asian coverage and cross-region connectivity.

See also: Amos-Spacecom

Asiasat currently operates 7 satellites, including AsiaSat 3S, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and the new AsiaSat 9.

See also, Asiasat

Eutelsat is a leading satellite operator in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

See also: Eutelsat

Hellas Sat is a premium satellite communications solutions provider and acquired by Arabsat.

See also: Hellas Sat

Headquartered in Moscow, Intersputnik’s core business is satellite capacity leasing to telecommunications companies, broadcasters and corporate customers under contracts with satellite system operators. 

See also: Intersputnik 

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), pronounced sam-el) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between systems and applications, in particular, between an identity provider and a service provider.

 
See also: SAML

Nilesat, an Egyptian company, provides digital television, radio and information network services across the Middle East and Africa.

See also: Nilesat

Paksat operates PakSat Multi-Mission Satelite 1 and provides broadcast, telecommunications, and broadband multimedia services to the four continents, and direct-to-home broadcast services to Pakistan.

See also: Paksat 

Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC), owns satellite and teleports providing digital broadcasting and telecom services to fifty-two countries. 

See also: RSCC

 

Thales Alenia Space is a Franco-Italian aerospace manufacturer formed after the Thales Group bought the participation of Alcatel in the two joint-ventures between Alcatel and Leonardo, Alcatel Alenia Space and Telespazio. The company is Europe's largest satellite manufacturer.

See also: Thales also: Thales Alenia Space

Gilat Satellite Networks is a public company headquartered in Israel[3] that develops and sells VSAT satellite ground stations and related equipment.

See also: Gilat

Star One (also known as Embratel Star One) is a Brazilian communication satellite company. 

See also: Star One

Thaicom is the name of a series of communications satellites operated from Thailand, and also the name of Thaicom Public Company Limited, which is the company that owns and operates the Thaicom satellite fleet and other telecommunication businesses in Thailand and throughout the Asia-Pacific region.

See also: Thaicom

Tooway is an Italian satellite connectivity service providing broadband Internet service across Europe. 

See also: Tooway 

Freedomsat headquartered in the UK partners with leading global satellite operators delivering high-speed Satellite Internet solutions that deliver fast and reliable internet access to difficult to connect spots across Africa, South America, and the Middle East.

See also: Freedomsat

L band refers to the operating frequency range of 1–2 GHz in the radio spectrum. The L band is one of the chief operating ranges used by various applications such as radars, global positioning systems (GPS), radio, telecommunications, and aircraft surveillance.

See also: L band

The Iridium satellite constellation provides L-band voice and data over the entire Earth surface. The constellation consists of 66 active satellites in orbit, required for global coverage, and additional spare satellites to serve in case of failure. Iridium Communications owns and operates the constellation, additionally selling equipment and access to its services.

See also: Iridium

Based in Washington DC, LeoSat is a satellite constellation project. It is designed to consist of 78 to 108 satellites in 1400 km orbit. Ka-band should be used for downlink.

See also: LeoSat   

MPEG-2 (a.k.a. H.222/H.262 as defined by the ITU) is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information". It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth.

See also: MPEG-2

Geosynchronous Satellite – A satellite that is 22,300 miles above the Earth, centered over the Equator that orbits at the same speed the earth rotates. This phenomenon allows a satellite to become stationary in the sky.

See also: Geosynchronous Satellite

 

Link Budget - a calculation based on satellite power, earth station power and antenna size which is used to determine the appropriate hardware needed for a particular location or locations.

See also: Link Budget

Skew - The rotation of a dish around its center point. Seen as a clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation when facing the front of the dish.

Skew is needed to align the antenna with the polarization of the satellite signal when the dish is not located on the same longitude as the satellite. When a dish is west of the satellite, the skew is a negative number, and from the front of the dish, the left edge will be higher than the right. When the dish is east of the satellite it will have a positive skew, with the left edge lower than the right edge.

Multiplexing in telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing (sometimes contracted to muxing) is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share a scarce resource. For example, in telecommunications, several telephone calls may be carried using one wire. 

See also: Multiplexing

dBW - Decibel Watts is a measurement of energy beamed from a satellite to a point on the earth. The higher the dBW, the stronger the signal strength, and the small satellite dish that is required.

Footprint – The satellite signal strength as it falls on the Earth. It can also be called a coverage map.

Mesh Satellite Network - The orbiting satellite acts as a "router in space" and can direct traffic to other VSAT dishes on the ground. This topology cuts satellite latency (ping times) in half because data doesn't need to make two round trips to the orbiting satellite as with the more common Star topology satellite network. Mesh networks can also be a combination of Star and Mesh where some traffic may be routed through an Earth-based NOC.

X-Band - The X band is used mainly for military communications and Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) systems. With relatively few satellites in orbit in this band, there is a wider separation between adjacent satellites, making it ideal for Comms-on-the Move (COTM) applications. This band is less susceptible to rain fade than the Ku Band due to the lower frequency range, resulting in a higher performance level under adverse weather conditions. The X-Band uses 7.9 to 8.4 GHz for the uplink and 7.25 to 7.75 GHz for the downlink. The X-Band is heavily used by military organizations.

See also: X- Band

Baseband - The raw satellite TV signal before it is re-modulated to become a signal that is suitable for a TV.

See also: Baseband

Bird - An alternative name for a satellite.

A geostationary orbit, often referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit[1] (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) above Earth's equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation. An object in such an orbit appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers. Communications satellites and weather satellites are often placed in geostationary orbits, so that the satellite antennae (located on Earth) that communicate with them do not have to rotate to track them, but can be pointed permanently at the position in the sky where the satellites are located. 

See also: Geostationary orbit

DBS - This is short for Digital Broadcast Satellites. These high-powered satellites use a Ku-band frequency (12.2 to 12.7 GHz) to deliver programming signals directly to small (18-inch) dishes installed at viewers' homes.

DVB - The Digital Video Broadcast is the broadcast standard for digital radio and television, using MPEG II and MPEG 4 compression. DVB is being supported by all European manufacturers and broadcasters.

Feed Horn - In parabolic antennas such as satellite dishes, a feed horn (or feedhorn) is a small horn antenna used to convey radio waves between the transmitter and/or receiver and the parabolic reflector. In transmitting antennas, it is connected to the transmitter and converts the radio frequency alternating current from the transmitter to radio waves and feeds them to the rest of the antenna, which focuses them into a beam. In receiving antennas, incoming radio waves are gathered and focused by the antenna's reflector on the feed horn, which converts them to a tiny radio frequency voltage which is amplified by the receiver. Feed horns are used mainly at microwave (SHF) and higher frequencies.

See also: Feed Horn

International Telecommunications Union (ITU) allocates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect, and strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide.

ITU is committed to connecting all the world's people – wherever they live and whatever their means. Through our work, we protect and support everyone's fundamental right to communicate.

See also: ITU

Rain fade - The loss of signal from the satellite during a heavy rain. Fade cause by heavy downpours of rain. Impacts Ku- and Ka-bands more so than C-band operation.

Solar Outage - Solar outages occur when a satellite dish is looking at a satellite, and the sun passes behind the satellite and within the field of view of the dish antenna.  Solar outages occur during the spring and fall as the sun moves up and down the sky during the equinox.  The outages only last a few minutes for a few days a year.

Uplink - A signal’s path from the earth to a satellite.

Clear sky - A term describing the weather conditions encountered at the terrestrial end of an earth-space path of a satellite communication link. It is used to describe the condition where the attenuation of radio waves caused by precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, dew, etc.) is lowest (i.e., cloud-free sky and good visibility).

Dawn-to-dusk orbit (Also called a heliosynchronous orbit) An orbit where the satellite is in perpetual sunlight, allowing it to rely totally on solar panels to generate power. This orbit is used for earth observation, imaging, and research satellites.

See also: Heliosynchronous orbit

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry (equipment makers and network operators) in Europe, headquartered in Sophia-Antipolis, France, with worldwide projection. ETSI produces globally-applicable standards for Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), including fixed, mobile, radio, converged, broadcast and internet technologies.

See also: ETSI

Machine to machine (commonly abbreviated as M2M) refers to direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless.[1][2] Machine to machine communication can include industrial instrumentation, enabling a sensor or meter to communicate the data it records (such as temperature, inventory level, etc.) to application software that can use it (for example, adjusting an industrial process based on temperature or placing orders to replenish inventory).[3] Such communication was originally accomplished by having a remote network of machines relay information back to a central hub for analysis, which would then be rerouted into a system like a personal computer.

See also: M2M

Mobile satellite service (MSS) - A satellite service intended to provide wireless communication to any point on the globe.

The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics. The kelvin (symbol: K) is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI). 

See also: Kelvin scale

Conflict minerals are natural resources extracted in a conflict zone and sold to perpetuate the fighting. The most prominent contemporary example has been the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where various armies, rebel groups, and outside actors have profited from mining while contributing to violence and exploitation during wars in the region.

The four most commonly mined conflict minerals (known as 3TGs, from their initials) are cassiterite (for tin), wolframite (for tungsten), coltan (for tantalum), and gold ore, which are extracted from the eastern Congo, and passed through a variety of intermediaries before being purchased. These minerals are essential in the manufacture of a variety of devices, including consumer electronics such as mobile phones, laptops, and MP3 players.

See also: Conflict minerals

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 (FCPA) (15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1, et seq.) is a United States federal law known primarily for two of its main provisions: one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another concerning bribery of foreign officials. The Act was amended in 1988 and in 1998 and has been subject to continued congressional concerns, namely whether its enforcement discourages U.S. companies from investing abroad.

See also: FCPA

International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) is a United States regulatory regime to restrict and control the export of defense and military-related technologies to safeguard U.S. national security and further U.S. foreign policy objectives.

See also: ITAR

In order to carry out its duties, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) produces the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons list – also known as the OFAC SDN list.

The OFAC SDN list represents an essential tool in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing in the United States and around the world. It forms part of the US Treasury’s Selective Sanctions policy in which specific individuals and organizations involved in certain criminal activities are penalized, as opposed to the more comprehensive approach of sanctioning entire nations.

See also: SDN

The Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) is a U.S. wiretapping law passed by Congress in 1994. The law requires telecommunications providers and equipment manufacturers to allow law enforcement agencies to intercept communications with a warrant. The law originally applied only to telephone conversations but has since been expanded to cover VoIP and internet traffic.

See also: CALEA

On October 18, 2013, IFES Acquisition Corp. Limited, an English company (“IFES”) and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Global Eagle Entertainment Inc. (the “Company”), entered into Sale and Purchase Agreements (the “Purchase Agreement”) with GCP Capital Partners LLP and certain individuals (each a “Seller” and collectively, the “Sellers”) relating to the acquisition by IFES of all of the issued share capital (the “Purchased Shares”) of Travel Entertainment Group Equity Limited, a private limited company incorporated in England and Wales (“IFE” and the acquisition, the “IFE Purchase”). IFE provides media content for use by airlines in in-flight entertainment and connectivity systems. The Company completed the IFE Purchase on October 18, 2013. 
 

Inflight Productions, Ltd. a Global Eagle company provides inflight movie distribution and entertainment services and solutions to airlines. It focuses on handheld devices, WiFi streaming, and alternative ways of engaging passengers throughout their entire journey. The company offers movies, TV programs, audio content, games, and tailored content to create engaging user experiences before, during, and after their flight. It also creates applications, Websites, and graphical user interfaces; and provides magazine design, production, and print buying services. The company was founded in 1979 and is based in London, United Kingdom. As of March 22, 2006, Inflight Productions, Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of Global Eagle.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 21, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Global Eagle Entertainment Inc. (Nasdaq:ENT) announced today that it has acquired Travel Entertainment Group Equity Limited, the UK-based parent company of IFE Services Limited (IFE Services) from GCP Capital Partners LLP for approximately $36 million in cash. IFE Services is a leading provider of in-flight entertainment services to airlines and cruise lines worldwide. The acquisition expands Global Eagle's leadership in delivering content and software solutions to the international travel industry. FE Services Ltd. provides in-flight entertainment (IFE) solutions to the airline industry. It offers in-flight movies, TV shows, audio channels, and sleep and relaxation solutions. The company also provides portable and streaming IFE solutions; and technical advice and support. In addition, it engages in the production of safety films, advertising and promotional videos, information films, destination films, indents and branding, interface design and GUIs, announcements, printworks, and video editing. Further, the company provides passenger entertainment and on-board revenue solutions; and support services in the areas of system management, content planning, and fleet expansion.

Aerotek Design Labs a Global Eagle Partner is an aerospace technology company serving the needs of the commercial and general aviation marketplace. Aerotek Design Labs is a full-service integrator of electronic products. We are FAA Certified and have a worldwide presence for engineering design, program management, manufacturing, DAR services, quality inspection, electronic repair, and logistical services.

See also: Aerotek Design Labs

Pointing error (antenna) - A value that quantifies the amount by which an antenna is misaligned with the satellite’s position in space. This is either expressed as an angular error, or as a loss in signal strength with respect to the maximum that would be achieved with a perfectly aligned antenna.

Precipitation loss - Signal loss due to rain attenuating the signal, particularly in the Ku-band, and further dispersing the signal as it passes through the drops of water.

Slant range - The length of a line drawn from the antenna to the satellite.

An Acceptable Interruption Window is the maximum time allowed for restoration, when interrupted, of critical systems or applications of an organization, so that its business goals are not negatively affected.

An access control list (ACL), with respect to a computer file system, is a list of permissions attached to an object. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject and an operation. For instance, if a file object has an ACL that contains (Alice: read,write; Bob: read), this would give Alice permission to read and write the file and Bob to only read it.

See also: ACL

User account management is the methods which are used to create, manage and authenticate users.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.

AES has been adopted by the U.S. government and is now used worldwide. It supersedes the Data Encryption Standard (DES),[7] which was published in 1977. The algorithm described by AES is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data.

See also: AES

An advanced persistent threat (APT) is a set of stealthy and continuous computer hacking processes, often orchestrated by a person or persons targeting a specific entity. An APT usually targets either private organizations, states or both for business or political motives. APT processes require a high degree of covertness over a long period of time. The "advanced" process signifies sophisticated techniques using malware to exploit vulnerabilities in systems. The "persistent" process suggests that an external command and control system is continuously monitoring and extracting data from a specific target. The "threat" process indicates human involvement in orchestrating the attack.

See also: APT

Alternate facilities are secondary facilities includes Offices, data processing centers etc., from where high- priority emergency tasks can be performed, delivered when primary facilities are interrupted, unavailable.

Antivirus software is a program or a set of programs that help prevent any malicious object, code, program from entering your computer or network. If any such malicious programs enters your computer, Antivirus software helps detect, quarantine, or remove such programs from the computer or networks.

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is any cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys which may be disseminated widely, and private keys which are known only to the owner. This accomplishes two functions: authentication, where the public key verifies that a holder of the paired private key sent the message, and encryption, where only the paired private key holder can decrypt the message encrypted with the public key.

See also: Public Key

An audit trail is a detailed history of transactions to help you trace a piece of information back to its origin. In the field of computers, Audit trail or paper log, helps maintain security, recover any lost data.

A backdoor or trapdoor is a process to gain unauthorized access to a computer or a network. A programmer may bypass security steps and gain access to a computer by trapdoor programs, in the event of an attack on the computer system or networks. Attackers may also use such mechanisms to enter computer or networks without proper permission.

A banner is a display on an information system that sets the parameters for system or data use.

Biometrics are a security system, which takes into account the unique physiological characteristics of a person such as fingerprints, DNA, eyes, etc., for identification purposes.

A Block Cipher is a method used to cipher text, information by encrypting data in blocks, strings, or group at a time rather encrypting individual bits.

See also: Block Cipher

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is a policy of the organization allowing its employees to use their personal devices such as smartphones, Tablet PCs, Laptops for business purposes.

A Business Impact Analysis/Assessment is the process of evaluating and identifying risks and threats that a business might face in the event of an accident, disaster, or an emergency. It evaluates the possible risk to tangible and intangible assets such as personal, infrastructure, data and goodwill. In addition, it offers steps needed to recover from any such disasters.

A Certificate Authority (CA) is an independent third party that verifies the online identity of an entity. They issue digital certificates that contains information about the owner of the certificate and details of the certificates, thus verifying the identity of the owner.

See also: CA

Checksum - A Numerical value that helps to check if the data transmitted is the same as the data stored and that the recipient has error-free data. It is often the sum of the numerical values of bits of digital data stored, this value should match with the value at the recipient's end, and a mismatch in the value indicates an error.

A Cipher is a process to convert data into code, or encrypt, with the help of algorithm; to decipher the code a key is required.

Cleartext is data in ASCII format or data that is not coded or encrypted. All applications and machines support plain text.

The Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 (ITMRA), is a United States federal law, designed to improve the way the federal government acquires, uses and disposes of information technology (IT). Together with the Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1996, it is known as the Clinger–Cohen Act.

A computer emergency response team (CERT) is an expert group that handles computer security incidents. Alternative names for such groups include computer emergency readiness team and computer security incident response team (CSIRT).

See also: CERT

Content Filtering is a process by which access to certain content, information, data is restricted, limited, or completely blocked based on organization’s rules. Any objectionable email, website, etc., is blocked using either software or hardware based tools.

Cryptography is the science and art of protecting the privacy of information by encrypting it into a secret code, so no one but the authorized person with an encryption key can read or view the information.

A Data Encryption Standard is a form of algorithm to convert plain text to a cipher text. Data Encryption Standard uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt the data, and hence it is a symmetric key algorithm.

See also: DES

A decryption key is a piece of code that is required to decipher or convert encrypted text or information into plain text or information.

The Castle Approach is the process of creating multiple layers of security to protect electronics and information resources against attackers. It is based on the principle that in the event of an attack, even if one layer fails to protect the information resource other layers can offer defense against the attack.

See also: Castle Approach

 

In a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.

A DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.

See also: DDoS

A Digital Signature is an electronic code that guarantees the authenticity of the sender of information as who he claims to be, and that the information he sent out is first- hand, without any alterations. Digital signatures use the private key information of the sender and cannot be imitated or forged, easily.

Disk imaging is the process of generating a bit-for-bit copy of the original media, including free space and slack space.

An Easter Egg is the hidden functionality within an application program, which becomes activated when an undocumented set of commands and keystrokes are entered. Easter eggs are typically used to display the credits for the development team and are intended to be nonthreatening.

Encryption is a process of maintaining data integrity and confidentiality by converting plain data into a secret code with the help of an algorithm. Only authorized users with a key can access encrypted Data or cipher text.

A Fail Safe is the automatic protection of programs and/or processing systems when hardware or software failure is detected.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an internet protocol for transferring files from one computer to another in a network using TCP/ IP.

Flooding is an attack that attempts to cause a failure in a system by providing more input than the system can process properly.

Governance, Risk Management and Compliance is a comprehensive and integrated organization wide system for achieving the goals set in each areas namely governance, Risk management, and Compliance, and meet the regulatory standards and requirements.

A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size. The values returned by a hash function are called hash values, hash codes, digests, or simply hashes. Hash functions are often used in combination with a hash table, a common data structure used in computer software for rapid data lookup. Hash functions accelerate table or database lookup by detecting duplicated records in a large file.

See also: Hash 

High Assurance Guard is an enclave boundary protection device that controls access between a local area network that an enterprise system has a requirement to protect, and an external network that is outside the control of the enterprise system, with a high degree of assurance. A guard that has two basic functional capabilities:  a Message Guard and a Directory Guard.  The Message Guard provides filter service for message traffic traversing the Guard between adjacent security domains.  The Directory Guard provides filter service for directory access and updates traversing the Guard between adjacent security domains.

See also: HAG

HoneyMonkey, short for Strider HoneyMonkey Exploit Detection System, is a Microsoft Research honeypot. The implementation uses a network of computers to crawl the World Wide Web searching for websites that use browser exploits to install malware on the HoneyMonkey computer. A snapshot of the memory, executables and registry of the honeypot computer is recorded before crawling a site. After visiting the site, the state of memory, executables, and registry is recorded and compared to the previous snapshot. The changes are analyzed to determine if the visited site installed any malware onto the client honeypot computer.

See also: HoneyMonkey

A hotwash is the immediate "after-action" discussions and evaluations of an agency's (or multiple agencies') performance following an exercise, training session, or major event.

See also: Hotwash

HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web (WWW). This protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted on the Internet and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

Ingress filtering is used to ensure that all incoming packets (of data) are from the networks from which they claim to originate. Network ingress filtering is a commonly used packet filtering technique by many Internet service providers to prevent any source address deceiving. This helps in combating several net abuse or crimes by making Internet traffic traceable to its source.

See also: Ingress Filtering

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication protocol that is used for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. It has routing function which enables inter-networking, and essentially establishes the Internet.

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label that is assigned to each device that is using Internet Protocol or any other protocol and is connected to an Internet network. An IP address serves two basic functions, that is, host or network interface identification and location addressing.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body that is composed of voluntary representatives from various national standards organizations.

See also: ISO

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol used for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an IP network.

See also: LDAP

A logic bomb is a piece of code that is deliberately inserted into a system to trigger a malicious program. Viruses and worms often contain logic bombs that execute a certain payload at a pre-defined time or when some other condition is met. Some viruses attack their host systems on specific dates, such as Friday the 13th or April Fools’ Day. Trojans that activate on certain dates are often called Time Bombs.

See also: Logic Bomb

Malicious code is any code in any part of a software system or script that is intended to cause undesired effects, security breaches, or damage to a system. Such codes actually gain unauthorised access to system resources or tricks a user into executing other malicious logic. Malicious code describes a broad category of system security terms that includes attack scripts, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, backdoors, and malicious active content.

Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is a security approach that contains the ability of an individual resource owner to grant or deny access to resources or files on the system. Whenever a user tries to access an object, an authorisation rule is enforced by the OS. Kernel examines these security aspects and decides whether the user can access or not. Any operation by any user is typically tested against a set of authorisation rules (aka policy) to determine if the operation is allowed.

See also: MAC

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is an open standards organization, which develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).[2] It has no formal membership or membership requirements. All participants and managers are volunteers, though their work is usually funded by their employers or sponsors.

See also: IETF

Monoculture is the case where a large number of users run the same software, and are vulnerable to the same attacks.

Multi-homed is any computer host that has multiple IP addresses to connected networks. A multi-homed host is physically connected to multiple data links that can be on the same or different networks. Multihoming is commonly used in Web management for load balancing, redundancy, and disaster recovery.

 

See also: Multi-Homed

A Null session is also known as Anonymous Logon. It is a method that allows an anonymous user to retrieve information such as user names and share this over the network, or connect without authentication. Null sessions are one of the most commonly used methods for network exploration employed by “hackers.” A null session connection allows you to connect to a remote machine without using a user name or password. Instead, you are given anonymous or guest access.

See also: Null Session

A packet is a unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network. When any file (such as e-mail message, HTML file, Graphics Interchange Format file, Uniform Resource Locator request) is sent from one place to another, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) layer of TCP/IP divides the file into smaller chunks ideal for routing.

Password cracking is the process of trying to guess or crack passwords to gain access to a computer system or network. Crackers generally use a variety of tools, scripts, or software to crack a system password. Password cracks work by comparing every encrypted dictionary word against the entries in system password file until a match is found.

Sniffing attack or a sniffer attack, in context of network security, corresponds to theft or interception of data by capturing the network traffic using a sniffer (an application aimed at capturing network packets). When data is transmitted across networks, if the data packets are not encrypted, the data within the network packet can be read using a sniffer. Using a sniffer application, an attacker can analyze the network and gain information to eventually cause the network to crash or to become corrupted, or read the communications happening across the network.

See also: Sniffing Attack

Penetration is defined as gaining unauthorized logical access to sensitive data by evading a system’s protections.

Phishing is an attempt to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by impersonating as a trustworthy entity. Phishing emails may contain links to websites that are infected with malware. Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter details at a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the legitimate one.

See also: Phishing

Plaintext is the most portable format and is supported by almost every application. In cryptography, plaintext refers to any message that is not encrypted.

Promiscuous mode allows a network device to intercept and read each network packet that reaches in its entirety. This is used by network administrators to diagnose network problems, but also by unsavoury characters who are trying to eavesdrop on network traffic (which might contain passwords or other information).

See also: Promiscuous Mode

A Public Key is the publicly-disclosed component of a pair of cryptographic keys used for asymmetric cryptography.

Registry is a system-defined database where applications and system components store and retrieve configuration data. Applications use the registry API to retrieve, modify, or delete registry data.

Risk assessment is a systematic process to analyze and identify any possible threats or risks that may leave sensitive information vulnerable to attacks. It also employs methods to calculate the risk impact and eliminate such threats.

A router is a device that forwards or transfers data packets across networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.

A Smurf Attack is a distributed denial-of-service attack in which large numbers of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets with the intended victim’s spoofed source IP are broadcast to a computer network using an IP broadcast address. Most devices on a network respond to this by sending a reply to the source IP address. This can slow down the victim’s computer to the point where it becomes impossible to work on.

See also: Smurf Attack

A socket is an end point for communication between two systems. The socket tells a host’s IP stack where to plug in a data stream so that it connects to the right application.

A Spoof is an attack attempt by an unauthorized entity or attacker to gain illegitimate access to a system by posing as an authorized user.

A SYN flood is a type of denial-of-service attack in which an attacker sends a succession of SYN requests to a target’s system in an attempt to consume enough server resources to make the system unresponsive to legitimate traffic.

See also: SYN Flood 

 

Security Goals are the five security goals are confidentiality, availability, integrity, accountability, and assurance.

Security Policy is a set of rules and practices that specify how a system or organization delivers security services to protect sensitive and critical information.

A Security Requirements Traceability Matrix (SRTM) is a Matrix that captures all security requirements linked to potential risks and addresses all applicable C&A requirements.  It is, therefore, a correlation statement of a system’s security features and compliance methods for each security requirement.

Session hijacking is also known as cookie hijacking. It is an exploitation of a valid computer session, sometimes also called a session key, to gain unauthorised access to sensitive information or services in a computer system or network.

See also: Session Hijacking

 

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks. Devices that typically support SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks and more. SNMP is widely used in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention.

Telnet is a TCP-based, application-layer, Internet Standard protocol and an essential TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers. Through Telnet, an administrator or another user can access someone else’s computer remotely.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a set of rules or protocol that is used along with the Internet Protocol to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data called packets. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP). Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP.

A Trojan Horse is a computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorization of a system entity that invokes the program.

See also: Trojan Horse

A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters that are used to identify the name of a resource. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network (such as the World Wide Web) using specific protocols. In other word, URI is the generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the World Wide Web.

A Voice Intrusion Prevention System (VIPS) is a security management system for voice networks that monitors voice traffic for multiple calling patterns or attack/abuse signatures to proactively detect and prevent toll fraud, denial of service, telecom attacks, service abuse, and other anomalous activities.

A WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format.

A worm is a computer program that can run independently, can propagate a complete working version of itself onto other hosts on a network, and may consume computer resources destructively.

See also: Worm

The Zero Day or Day Zero is the day a new vulnerability is made known. In some cases, a zero day exploit is referred to an exploit for which no patch is available yet. Day one is a day at which the patch is made available.

See also: Zero Day 

A zombie computer is a computer is connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker, a computer virus, or a trojan horse. Generally, a compromised machine is only one of many in a botnet, and is used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction.

See also: Zombie

Software as a service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts applications and makes them available to customers over the Internet. SaaS is one of three main categories of cloud computing, alongside infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS).

Artificial intelligence is technology that appears to emulate human performance typically by learning, coming to its own conclusions, appearing to understand complex content, engaging in natural dialogs with people, enhancing human cognitive performance (also known as cognitive computing) or replacing people on execution of nonroutine tasks. Applications include autonomous vehicles, automatic speech recognition and generation and detecting novel concepts and abstractions (useful for detecting potential new risks and aiding humans quickly understand very large bodies of ever changing information).

A blockchain is an expanding list of cryptographically signed, irrevocable transactional records shared by all participants in a network. Each record contains a time stamp and reference links to previous transactions. With this information, anyone with access rights can trace back a transactional event, at any point in its history, belonging to any participant. A blockchain is one architectural design of the broader concept of distributed ledgers.

The component of a computer system that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. The CPU of a PC consists of a single microprocessor, while the CPU of a more powerful mainframe consists of multiple processing devices, and in some cases, hundreds of them. The term “processor” is often used to refer to a CPU.

Dark data as the information assets organizations collect, process and store during regular business activities, but generally fail to use for other purposes (for example, analytics, business relationships and direct monetizing). Similar to dark matter in physics, dark data often comprises most organizations’ universe of information assets. Thus, organizations often retain dark data for compliance purposes only. Storing and securing data typically incurs more expense (and sometimes greater risk) than value.
 

A data warehouse is a storage architecture designed to hold data extracted from transaction systems, operational data stores and external sources. The warehouse then combines that data in an aggregate, summary form suitable for enterprise-wide data analysis and reporting for predefined business needs.

DevOps represents a change in IT culture, focusing on rapid IT service delivery through the adoption of agile, lean practices in the context of a system-oriented approach. DevOps emphasizes people (and culture), and seeks to improve collaboration between operations and development teams. DevOps implementations utilize technology — especially automation tools that can leverage an increasingly programmable and dynamic infrastructure from a life cycle perspective.

An earth station is a collection of equipment installed on the earth’s surface that enables communications over one or more satellites. Earth stations consist of a reflector antenna (or parabolic dish), a feed system to send and receive the RF carrier, data handling equipment and mechanical tracking equipment to keep the satellite within the antenna’s data send/receive area. Earth stations are typically owned by the company receiving the data from the satellite network, thus must operate within certain specified parameters to maintain the network’s stability. Earth stations are part of a satellite network’s ground segment, which consists of all earth stations operating in a satellite system. These can be connected to the end user’s equipment directly or via a terrestrial network.

Enterprise architecture (EA) is a discipline for proactively and holistically leading enterprise responses to disruptive forces by identifying and analyzing the execution of change toward desired business vision and outcomes. EA delivers value by presenting business and IT leaders with signature-ready recommendations for adjusting policies and projects to achieve target business outcomes that capitalize on relevant business disruptions.

A geographic information system (GIS) is a collection of computer hardware, software and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing and displaying every form of geographically referenced information, often called spatial data.

GPS is a global positioning technology that was introduced in the U.S. in 1996, and was originally developed for military purposes. To determine the position of a mobile device, the GPS system uses from two to six of its 24 satellites to a high level of accuracy—of within just a few meters.

HIPAA, which became effective in August 1997, calls for electronic data interchange (EDI) use in medical transactions and also calls for protecting patient healthcare information. Enterprises face fines of up to $250,000 and 10 years imprisonment for wrongfully disclosing patient information.

See also HIPAA

Intellectual property traditionally includes assets that are protected through regulatory methods such as patents, copyrights and regulatory licenses; however, this protection is being expanded to include software and business processes when these can be demonstrated to be original, novel and non-obvious. Customer intelligence and business intelligence may be considered intellectual “property” by its owner, depending on its value to enterprise competitiveness and its integration into business processes.

IT Governance (ITG)

IT governance (ITG) is defined as the processes that ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals. IT demand governance (ITDG—what IT should work on) is the process by which organizations ensure the effective evaluation, selection, prioritization, and funding of competing IT investments; oversee their implementation; and extract (measurable) business benefits. ITDG is a business investment decision-making and oversight process, and it is a business management responsibility. IT supply-side governance (ITSG—how IT should do what it does) is concerned with ensuring that the IT organization operates in an effective, efficient and compliant fashion, and it is primarily a CIO responsibility.

JavaScript is a scripting language targeted specifically to the Internet. It is the first scripting language to fully conform to ECMAScript, the Web’s only standard scripting language. Despite its name, JavaScript is not a derivative of Java; its origin is Netscape’s Livescript language. JavaScript is, in fact, closer to C/C++ in syntax than it is to Java.

Korea Communications Commission (KCC) - The broadcasting, communications and IT regulator in the Republic of South Korea, which superseded the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) and the Korean Broadcasting Commission in 2008.

Linux is a Unix-based computer OS and was originally designed as free software for open-source development. Its source code can be freely modified, used and redistributed by anyone under the GNU Public License. Several GUIs run on top of Linux, including K Desktop Environment and GNU Network Object Model Environment. Of the many distributions of Linux, the most-popular enterprise versions include those from Red Hat (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), Novell (SUSE Enterprise Linux), Ubuntu and Debian, and regional ones, such as Mandriva, Red Flag and Asianux. There are two Linux subsegments, Linux (client) and Linux (server), in our segmentation.

A mainframe is a large-capacity computer system with processing power that is significantly superior to PCs or midrange computers. Traditionally, mainframes have been associated with centralized, rather than distributed, computing environments. Skilled technicians are required to program and maintain mainframes, although client/server technology has made mainframes easier to operate from the user’s and programmer’s perspectives. They are generally used by large organizations to handle data processing for enterprisewide administrative tasks like payroll or accounts payable.

A mobile earth station refers to a radio transmitter or receiver situated on a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, used for satellite communications.

Multicore processors are single processors that incorporate more than one processor core. Each core includes the functional elements required to enable it to execute instructions independently of the other cores.

Private Key is the confidential half of the asymmetric key pair used in public-key cryptography. Unlike the “secret key” used in symmetric-key cryptography — a single key known by both the sender and the receiver — a private key is known only by the recipient. See public-key cryptography and secret-key cryptography.

Public-key infrastructure (PKI) was developed mainly to support secure information exchanges over unsecure networks. It has been used to ensure that the person identified as sending a transaction is the originator, that the person receiving the transaction is the intended recipient and that the transaction data has not been compromised. PKI requires a system for generating and managing digital certificates that identify the holders (people, systems or devices) of assigned public and private key pairs, which is useful for identification, authentication, encryption and digital signing. Enterprise PKI refers to the use of this system over enterprise intranets, and involves the issuance of digital certificates to individual users, servers and services, and software tools that assist with enrollment, integration with directory services, managing keys, and renewal and revocation of certificates.

Quick response codes (QR codes) and color codes are high-density, two-dimensional bar codes that are readable by mobile phones and computer cameras with the correct software. Color codes enable the same physical space to encode more information by incorporating color in any pattern or shape, such as a logo, that attracts attention. Users capture the mono or color image, which, after decoding by the device, launches its browser, linking the device to the URL embedded in the code.QR codes may be printed on any substrate. The small, densely packed bar code fits well on printed transaction documents, magazines and direct-mail pieces, as well as clothing, point-of-purchase displays, packaging, buses, buildings and business cards. Software that captures QR codes tends to be very efficient and reliable (although users or specific apps report widely varying ease of use and results) and can capture any code in view of the camera, often when it is slightly out of focus or if only part of it is visible. Although the QR code enables the user to link to a URL, the website owner must still provide relevant product information, payment portal, and other content.

ROC (return on competitiveness) is a nomenclature and philosophy that goes beyond the traditional return on investment (ROI) concept by focusing the metric or calculation on how competitiveness is affected by investment. A good way to visualize and quantify the overall return on IT competitiveness is to build a spider diagram that identifies and maps all the relevant dimensions of competitiveness within a given industry sector, and then measure the changes in the overall mapping area during a given time interval (e.g., a year).

ROIT (return on information technology) is financial gain expressed as a function of an enterprise’s investment in information technology.

SDK (software development kit) is a set of development utilities for writing software applications, usually associated with specific environments (e.g., the Windows SDK).

Six Sigma is a business management strategy aimed at improving the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability. “Six Sigma” refers to a six standard deviation distance between a process norm and its nearest specification limit; in practice, Six Sigma is also known by its improvement process steps: “Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control” (DMAIC).

SIM card (subscriber identity module) card is a programmable smart card in a mobile device that gives access to a network. It contains codes (such as the IMSI) to identify a subscriber to a digital mobile service and the details of the special services the subscriber has elected to use. A SIM card may be a removable plastic card with embedded memory and a processor chip or may be fixed within the mobile device.

Subnet is a portion of network that may be physically independent of another network portion, but both portions of the network share the same network address, and the portion is distinguished by a subnet number.

Synchronous - Having a constant time interval between successive bits, characters or events. Synchronous transmission uses no redundant information to identify the beginning and end of characters, and is faster and more efficient than asynchronous transmission, which uses start and stop bits. The timing is achieved by transmitting sync characters prior to data; usually synchronization can be achieved in two-or three-character times.

Touchpoint is a contact point between an enterprise and its customers. Touchpoints may occur in any channel (e.g., via phone, the Web or direct contact with a salesperson).

A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a set of systems that, regardless of higher-layer addressing or location, is designated as a logical LAN and treated as a set of contiguous systems on a single LAN segment. Virtual LANs can be proprietary or standardized using the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Q. Typical grouping parameters for VLANs include the port number of the hub, switch or router, the higher-layer protocol such as Internet Protocol (IP) or Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), the Media Access Control (MAC) address, and the traditional subnet. The goal of VLANs is to provide simpler administration, simple moves/adds/changes to network devices, and partitioning at the MAC layer.

Voice of the Customer (VoC) - Voice of the customer (VoC) solutions combine multiple, traditionally siloed technologies associated with the capture, storage and analysis of direct, indirect and inferred customer feedback. Technologies such as social media monitoring, enterprise feedback management, speech analytics, text mining and Web analytics are integrated to provide a holistic view of the customer’s voice. The resultant customer insights are acted on by disseminating relevant information to the right person at the right time on the right channel.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a nonprofit group based in the U.S. that develops and recommends standards for the Web.

Kids Play Time! is a Global Eagle product. A collection of the ultimate kid's games for In-flight entertainment.

Dress up and personalize pretty little animals! Interact and play with them in several games such as puzzles, hide and seek, spot differences and cake design.

This is the ultimate collection of kids games designed for airlines and fully customizable!

Global ONE Media is a Inflight Entertainment Content Service Provider based in the UK.

The company works on in Inflight Entertainment Content Management Cabin Product Engineering.

See also: Global ONE Media

Newark, NJ-based Panasonic Corporation of North America is a leading technology partner and integrator to businesses, government agencies, and consumers across the region.

See also: Panasonic

Encore is an In-flight and content distribution company based in Hong Kong.

See also: Encore

IMG, based in London and Beverly Hills, CA., arranges for the distribution of programming across all forms of media—including television, audio, fixed media, in-flight, broadband and mobile — to major broadcasters, channels, and platforms all around the world.

See also: IMG 

Bluebox Aviation Systems Ltd. specialises in software solutions for the aviation industry.

The Bluebox in-flight entertainment (IFE) portfolio provides airlines technology in tablet-based and wireless IFE solutions (fitted and portable) alternatives to seatback IFE systems, and exploits these platforms to address a range of IFE requirements.

See also: Bluebox 

Since the formation of Norbulk Shipping in 1982, the company has continued to expand ship and crew management operations. The present managed fleet consists of; bulk carriers, chemical and oil tankers, container ships, gas carriers and reefer ships with management offices located in Glasgow, UK, and Riga, Latvia.

See also: Norbulk 

Founded in 1969, Elcome has been serving the marine industry as a reliable and high-quality system integrator, distributor, installer and after-sales service agent of marine equipment, technologies and solutions. Elcome is a Global Eagle partner.

See also: Elcome

NAMO is an organization consisting of steamship associations and maritime exchanges that focuses its attention on operational issues affecting the viability of the steamship industry. NAMO’s mission is to improve the climate for international shipping in the United States.

See also: NAMO

IMO – the International Maritime Organization – is the United Nations specialized agency with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships.

See also: IMO

The IMC is the umbrella association of maritime organizations and marine societies on the European level.

See also: IMC

Part of the Global Eagle group, Fairdeal Multimedia is the leading provider of Indian inflight entertainment content. Fairdeal’s catalogue includes the latest Bollywood movies as well as evergreen classics, art house films, documentaries and regional Indian movies, in languages such as Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Punjabi, Bengali and Gujarati.

See also: Fairdeal

Global Service Delivery (GSD) is a department of Global Eagle.

ESOA is the world’s only CEO-driven satellite association and leads a coordinated and impactful response to the global challenges and opportunities the commercial satellite communications sector faces. Established as a non-profit organization, ESOA has as its objective to serve and promote the common interests of satellite operators. Today ESOA represents the interests of EMEA satellite operators who deliver information communication services across the globe.

See also: ESOA 

The Emergency Telecommunications Cluster (ETC) is a global network of organizations that work together to provide shared communications services in humanitarian emergencies. 

See also: ETC

Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Association of Asia (CASBAA) is now Asia Video Industry Association.

See also: AVIA

Blue ocean strategy generally refers to the creation by a company of a new, uncontested market space that makes competitors irrelevant and that creates new consumer value often while decreasing costs. It was introduced by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne in their best-selling book of the same name.

See also: Blue ocean strategy

The Satellite Industry Association (SIA) was formed in 1995 by several major US satellite companies as a forum to discuss issues and develop industry-wide positions on shared business, regulatory and policy interests.

See also: SIA

EchoStar Corporation is a premier global provider of satellite communication solutions.

See also: EchoStar

Peraton has significant experience providing highly differentiated secure communications, space, and technology solutions to the United States government, and has become a trusted partner on missions that are critical to the security priorities of the United States.

See also: Peraton